Liver function and liver on a chip
Liver is a fundamental organ for human life. It is responsible for macromolecules (carbohydrates, fats, protein) metabolization and the detoxification of our blood as well. Liver structure is complex and in vitro models based on 2D monoculture cannot recapitulate the liver physiological environment and functionality. A revolutionary approach comes from liver on a chip devices and 3D liver models which try to simulate human liver physiology by mimicking its microstructure and native conditions. These systems have a great potential for many applications (e.g., drug screening, innovative medicine). Moreover, they might be also exploited in combination with the last nanoscopy techniques to better understand liver nanostructures (e.g., fenestrations) which are involved is several hepatic diseases and processes.
The full content has been moved to our new website. Get full access there.
https://innovation.cherrybiotech.com/organs-on-a-chip/liver-function-and-liver-on-a-chip
Reference
[1] Ware, Brenton R., and Salman R. Khetani. “Engineered liver platforms for different phases of drug development.” Trends in biotechnology 35.2 (2017): 172-183.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779916301147
[2] Øie, C. I., Mönkemöller, V., Hübner, W., Schüttpelz, M., Mao, H., Ahluwalia, B. S., … & McCourt, P. (2018). New ways of looking at very small holes–using optical nanoscopy to visualize liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations. Nanophotonics, 7(3), 575-596.
https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/nanoph.2018.7.issue-3/nanoph-2017-0055/nanoph-2017- 0055.xml?format=INT&intcmp=trendmd
[3] Braet, Filip, and Eddie Wisse. “Structural and functional aspects of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae: a review.” Comparative hepatology 1.1 (2002): 1.
https://comparative-hepatology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-5926-1-1
[4] Poisson, Johanne, et al. “Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: physiology and role in liver diseases.” Journal of hepatology 66.1 (2017): 212-227.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827816303336
[5] Originally by Frevert U, Engelmann S, Zougbédé S, Stange J, Ng B, et al. Converted to SVG by Viacheslav Vtyurin who was hired to do so by User:Eug. [CC BY 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)], via Wikimedia Commons.
https:/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Hepatic_structure.png
[6] Boumphreyfr [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], from Wikimedia Commons.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Hepatic_structure_He.svg
[7] Khetani, S. R., Berger, D. R., Ballinger, K. R., Davidson, M. D., Lin, C., & Ware, B. R. (2015). Microengineered liver tissues for drug testing. Journal of laboratory automation, 20(3), 216-250.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2211068214566939
[8] Brown, G. E., & Khetani, S. R. (2018). Microfabrication of liver and heart tissues for drug development. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 373(1750), 20170225.
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/373/1750/20170225
[9] Zheng, F., Fu, F., Cheng, Y., Wang, C., Zhao, Y., & Gu, Z. (2016). Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Systems: Microengineering to Biomimic Living Systems. Small, 12(17), 2253-2282.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.201503208
[10] Underhill, Gregory H., and Salman R. Khetani. “Bioengineered Liver Models for Drug Testing and Cell Differentiation Studies.” Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 5.3 (2018): 426-439.
https://www.cmghjournal.org/article/S2352-345X(17)30173-X/abstract