
The evolution of alternatives to animal testing: A 3R timeline
For over a century, animal experimentation has served as the bedrock of biomedical research and toxicology.

For over a century, animal experimentation has served as the bedrock of biomedical research and toxicology.
In oncological research, the development of a 3D model for breast cancer immunotherapies marks a pivotal

Luminal A and B breast cancers, collectively known as hormone receptor–positive (HR+) disease, represent the most

In this discussion, we investigate the optimal cell source for constructing 3D adipose models, predicated on

HER2-positive breast cancer represents about one quarter of breast malignancies and is driven by amplification of

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct pathological subtype defined by the absence of estrogen receptor

Obesity and its related metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, represent a growing global health

Authors: Priyanka Fernandes, Harry Dawson, Ethan N.P Vong, Pierre Savagner, Dario Fassini Breast cancer remains

Authors: Mathilde Cadoux, PhD; Emilie Ouanounou; Ghofrane Ben Messaoud; Hadhemi Mejri; Julius Elliot Nyegaard Grothen, PhD;

In our previous article, we outlined the main in vitro liver models, immortalized cell lines such